Computer swnamjakmani laibuma || Kashmir Debbarma

                                 Swinaini Nikuma Ramesh chow para, Belchara, khowai Tripura

   Tabukni jorao borokrok ni langmao computer bai daldibal samungrok khwlainani sep manwi tongo. Romdi -Game thwngma, internet ni samung, rwchapmung khwnama, video naima akorok daldidal ni samung khwlai tongo. Phiya kwcham jorani pwrachin computer rokni kok sana thangkhe aborok aswk normal samung rokni bagwino swnamjago. Gaming aba intertainment ni bagwi computer samung khwlaina ah jora mungsabo manya. Plus mynash khwlaina bagwi simi agini jorao oh computer rokno samung thepajago. Phiya tabukni jorao hinkhe school,office, space recherch lab rogono computer tonijago tai samung khwlaijago. Computer no karwi tabukni jorao mungsa samung bo khwlai manya. Abohai no hayung lukurokni khachuksa kwbang tongmarokni laibumarok saui manani belai nangkugo.

2000 bisini swkang no computer swnamjak hinwi laibuma oh saui mano. Haiphano ah puila jorani swnamjak computer rok “Abacus “ no solwino puila chengjago. Phiya oh abacus mathematics ni aromatics khwlaithani simi samung khwlaijago. Abacus kaisa Calculation khwlaimani dalsa manwi. Abo chirjak phang chikonsao tar rabwino swnamjago. Abo aswk digital computer hai wngya.

Abacus 3000 bisini swkang:-  Abacus no “Counting frame” bo hinjago. Abono kaisa jotoni sai kwcham calculation device. Pher wngkha abono nasik naikhe ku kubui  kaisa frame hai abo tar bai swnamjak. Tabukni jorao bo oh device kisa misa thaio mwnak borokni bagwi calculation phwrwngjago. 1300 BC oh chine o abacus swnamjago. Ah jorao oh abacus belaikheno samungo phwnanglaikha.

  Antikythera 2000 bisini swkang:-  Antikythera wngkha kaisa abohai dalni calculation device, abono pwrachin jorao chandra grohon bai surjo grohon ni calculation khwlaimani samungo thepajago. Oh antikythera 2000 bisini kwcham device.

Pascaline 1642:-  Abacus ni ulono swnamjakkha pascaline, abono mathematics ni “Blaise pascale”bai 1642 bisio swnamjago. Abacus ni swlai pascaline kisa dakti daktikhe samung khwlaio tai pascaline no wngkha puilani mechanical culculater. Oh machine no adding machine bo hinjago.

   Difference engine 1822:- Difference engine “Charles Babbage” bai swnamjago, bo wngkha khoroksa mechanical engineer. Charles Babbage bai swnamjak abohai amo kaisa machine abo bai calculation dak dak khe tai swrai swraikhe khwlai mano. Difference engine abo 1822 bisio swnamjago. Oh machine o program rokno store khwlaina bagwi “punch card”Samungo phwnangjago. Oh computer ” Bape” ni chubachu bai cholio. Difference engine ni sakatwino tabukni adunik molni computer rok swnamjago. Tai “Charles Babbage” no “Father of computer”hinjago.

Zuse Z3 1941:- Z3 wngkha kaisa ” German Electromechanical calculation “ Abo Konrad Zuse bai design khwlaijago. Oh computer wngkha hayungni jotoni sai puila automatic digital computer, aro program khwlai mano. Z3 computer “aerodynamic calculation” rok khwlaina  bagwi samung o phwnangjago.

ENIAC 1946:-  ENIAC ni full bumung wngkha Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer.Abo wngkha jotoni sai puila  Electronic digital computer, abono normal samungni bagwino swnamjago. Programing ni bisingtwi belai kutuk numerical problem rokno solve khwlai mano. ENIAC computer Decimal arithmetic system ni sakao samung khwlaio tai thinango oh computer adunik computer hinwi bo sinijago.

 Manchester baby 1948:-  Manchester Baby aba small- scale experimental machine wngkha jotoni sai puila Electronic-stored program computer, bono” University of Manchester ” Oh swnamjago. 1948 bisini 21 june talo oh computer ni puila program chengwi Rio. Oh computer ni nungjakma mung wngkha “Baby” . Frederic. C Williams,Tom kilburn tai Geoff Tootill oh khoroktham scientists baino oh computer swnamjago.

   Computer  jorani logi logi develop wngmani laibuma:-   jorani logi logi bahaikhe computer developt wngkha aboni laibuma chwng kaisa kaisakhe saui manna nangw.

1623 bisio German ni lekhamung kwrwng(mathematics) willhem sikard  bai puila  mechanical calculator ni developt khwlaijago. 1642 bisio “Blaise pascale” bai plus tai mynash khwlainai mechanical culcutator swnamjago.  1833 ni simi 1871 bisi jora  british ni scientist Charles Babbage bai Analytical engine Swnamjago. 1941 bisio German engineer ” Konrad zuse” bai “Z3”Digital computer swnamjago. Oh computer program bai control khwlaijago. 1943 bisio British  scientists rok bai ” Colossus “mungwi electronic computer swnanjago.1944 bisio IBM bai Hardware university ni professor bai puila large scale, automatic digital computer “mark -1” ni swnamjak kha. Oh computer “Tommy flowers” mungwi british engeener rok bai mung ringjak kha. 1946 bisini jorao ENIAC mungwi Electronic digital computer swnanjago. 1951 bisini jorao  UVIAC mungwi Electronic digital computer swnamjago, abo business application rokni bagwi swnamjago. Oh computer no puila Commercial computer  hinwi ringmani. 1961-71 bisini jorao UNIX “operating system” ni develop wngo. 1971 bisio INTEL bai puila ” Microprocessor ” 4004 no develop wngo. 1975 bisio pai-phal ni bagwi “personal computer”” MITS Altair 4400″” tui phaikha. 1976 bisio personal computer ni bagwi “Electric pencil” swnamjago. 1977 bisini jorao belai mung gwnang company APPLE bai “APPLE  l l “swnamwi hatio tui phaio. 1981 bisini jorao IDM bai personal computer hatio tui phaio, aro Microsoft ni DOS (Dist operating system)ni sep rijak tongo. 1984 bisio tabukni hai mung gwnang company apple bai puila swnamjak ” Macintosh “ hatio tubui phaio. Oh puila ni computer o GUI bai Mouse ni sep rijak tongo. 1990 bisio Microsoft bai puila grafical user interface version “windows 3.0” no hatio tubui phaio. 1991 bisio personal computer ni bagwi ” Open source operating system “” LINAX”  Swnamjago. 1969 bisio yago romwi aba toniui samung khwlai mannai computer “palmpilot” hatio tubui phaikha. 2001 bisio apple ni Macintosh ni bagwi ” MAC OS X” Hatio tubui phaikha.  2005 bisio apple bini Macintosh computer o  INTEL ni microprocessor ni samung khwlainani hinwi sakwlai rikha.

Abohai kheno jorani logi logi  kwtal technology ni bagwi computer kuchugo kaui mankha. Tabukni jorao kwbangma technology samung  khwlainai personal computer, computer o sep rijak tongo. Microprocessor ni samung chengwi rijakma ulo computer belai kwbangkhe  daktikhe samung khwlai Rio. Abono karwi tabukni jorao multicore o tongma CPU professor ni samung khwlaima bagwi kaisa computer ni phan hazaar gun ni sai kwbang wngkha.