KOKBOROK KOKNI LAIBUMA || HISTORY OF KOKBOROK LANGUAGE

KOKBOROK KOKNI LAIBUMA || HISTORY OF KOKBOROK LANGUAGE

BY BIKASH DEBBARMA

Chengmung :-

        Bharat ha kotorni uttar-pub amchaini kaisa chikonkuk haste wngkha Tripura. O Tripura hasteono Kokborok kokni tongthai. Sino-Tibetan kokbosongni Tibeto-Burmese kokdekni kokbupwra wngkha Assam-Burmese, tei o Assam Burmese-ni achaikha Bodo-Garo, Dimasa, koch, Mech, Chutiya, Rabha, Hajong,Moran tei Kokborok kok akorog. O kokrog jotono kaisa tai kaisabai halok kwrwnglaijak kok. Sana thangkhe o kokrog jotono buma kaisani bwsa tei Sister language bo hwnwi sinijagwi tongo. Tabuk o kokborok kokni laibumano rwgwi naina thangkhe kokborok kok buphuruni simi sajagwi phaikha kebo soi soikhe sawi rwiwi manya, phiyaba 10000 bisi swkang sajagwi phaikha hwnwi chongjagwi tongu eba chongwi nalaikha. Jisu khristo achaimani swkang jorao Tibeto-Burman kokbosongni Bodo, Dimasa, Kokborok, Garo, Rabha, tei Mech kok saitongnai borokrog Assam hasteo thansakhe kwdwkma bisi romwi tonglaikha. Aboni ulo borog Assam hasteni kurung kurung amchaio pisarjagwi thangbaikha. Kok soi sikwrwngrogni rutukmungno rwgwi naikhe Bodoni simi Dimasa kagwi phaiwi Kacharo phaiwi tongphaikha tei ulo Dimasa ni simi kokborok kagwi Tripura hasteo phaiwi sokphaio. Laibumano rwgwi naikhe Dimasa kokbosongnino kokborok kok achaio. Kailesh chandra Singha-ni Rajmala eba Tripurani laibumao o koknono sajakha.Swijak laibumano cherwi naiwi saimano o kokborok kokno twiwi o koknobo sawi mano puila phatar hani borokse kokborok kokno rwgwi khursao eba sao hwnwi.

Tabuk o kokborok kokno twiwi sanai, swinai eba kokborok kokno khursawi kok sanairogno tolao bathongkhe swiwi phunukjaganw –

★ Sir A. Phayre :– 1841 bisio Sir A. phayrebai swijak An account of Arakan, Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal bijapni vol.x pt. 11 p.711 vocabulary-o no puila kokborok kokno Tipperah hwnwi salango. Tei Bono puila kokborok kokno twiwi khursanai, swinai eba sanai. Tei bo kokborok kokno Mrung hwnwibo sakha (page-712).

★ H.C Sutherland:- H.C Sutherland 1860 AD o bini Calcutta Review bijapni Vol. XXXV No. 70 , o kokborokno Tipperah hwnwi sakha.

★ Captain T.H Lewin :- Kok soi silam kwrwng Captain T.H Lewin bo 1869 bisio bini The Hill Tracts of Chittagong and the Dwellers therein bijabo kokborok kokno bobo Tipperah hwnwi salangkha. Bo bini a bijabo khe Contains Vocabulary of Tipperah and of the Lushai or kuki kokno twiwi salangkha.

★ W.W Hunter:- W.W Hunter 1874 bisio bini swijak “A statistical Account of Bengal” bijapni Vol. VI o bo —(a) Chittagong Hill Tracts, (b) Chittagong (c) Naokhali, (d) Tipperah (e) Hill Tipperah- ni kokno twiwi salangkha.

★ G. Campbell :- 1874 bisio G. Campbell bo kokborokno Tipperah hwnwi sakha bini “Specimens of the language of India, including those of the Aboringinal Tribes of Bengal, the central provinces and the Eastern frontier” bijabo. Kok wngkha Bangla hasteni, Bharat ha kwcharni amchai tei Bharat ha pubgwla ari amchairogo tongwi tonglainai bosong kwcham dopharogni kokrogno twiwi salangkha. Page 188-201(Tipperah bai Chittagong) tei page 204 -217 (Tipperah bai Cacharni kokno swilangkha).

★ Rev. S. Endle :- Rev. Sydney Endle1884 bisio bini An outline of Karachi (Bara) Language as spoken in the District Darrang, Assam bijabo bo kokborokno Hill Tippera hwnwi sakha. Bo bini o bijabo The introduction contains a note the relation o Kacharo (Boro) Language to that of Hill Tipperah. Including a comparative Vocabulary of Karachi, Garo and Hill Tipperah ni kokrognobo salangkha.

★ J.D. Anderson :- J .D. Anderson1885 bisio A short list of word of the Hill Tippera Language, With Their English Equivalents bijabo Hill Tippera,Lushai, tei Bodo kokno twiwi kokthai chabwi swilangkha.

Daulat Ahmed tei Mahammed umor:- Daulat Ahmed tei Mahammed Umor 1897 bisio kokborokbai kangsa kokma bijap swikha Kokborma Ong Tripura Byakaran mungwi. Borog a bijabo Khatungsano hwnwi kaisa koklop swikha tei kokborokni bagwi aikhor swnamwi chonglaikha, swithainobo borog Khor hwnwi aphuru mung rwlaikha.

Radha Mohan Thakur:- Thakur Radha mohan Debbarmabo kokborokbai 1900 bisio kokma bijap Kokborokma, 1906 bisio Troipur kothamala, 1907 bisio Troipur Bhashabihan mungwi swilangkha. Bo bini kokborokma bijabo khorang hache tei khorang kuchuk kokthairogno phunukha tei kokborokni bagwi aikhor saijakmungrogno twiwi salangkha. Bini Troipur kothamala bijabo hinkhe Kokborokni〉Bangla tei> English kok swlaimungrogno phunukha tei aro bo kaiba kothoma bwsabo swikha- Madhob, Radha, Muhini, Soudhamini, tei Bukhuknwi mungwi. Aboni ulo rwchapmungbo swikha a bijabo. Bini Troipur Bhashabidhan bijabo hinkhe Tripura hasteni laibuma kwcham, Hasteni ari kwcham, tei aroni borokrogni Troipur Bhasha kokborokno twiwi swilangkha. Tiprasarogni Mani kok 1840 AD bisi jorarogo eba aboni swkangrogo Tipperahjipura, Tipperajipra jesa phano tongmani phiya 1900 bisio Radha Mohan Thakur yaktwise Kokborok kokthai achaio tei chini thani kwtal mung wngwi sinijagwi. Phiyaba laibumano rwgwi naiwi saimano chini mani kok 1900 bisi swkang Kokborok tongmaniya.

★ Robert shafer:- Robert Shafer bini Introduction to Sino-Tibetan (1966-74) bijabo kokborok kok sanairog bahai bahaikhe kwbangma bedek bupwrani ongkhorwi phaikha, aborogno twiwi tei thaino twiwi salangkha.

Aiit Bandhu Debbarma:- Ajit Bandhu Debbarma 1967 bisio kaisa bijap swikha, abo wngkha Kokrwbam mungwi, ( English>Kokborok>Bangla ).

Sir G.A Grirson :- Sir G.A Grirson 1903-28 bisio kokborokno twiwi bini Linguistic Survey of Indian bijapni Vol. III Part.II o kokborokno Tipura hwnwi sakha. Tei bo bini bijabo Sir A.phayre, H.C Sutherland, T.H Lewin, Sir W.W Hunter, Rev.S.Endle, J.D. Anderson, G. Campbelljhakur Radha Mohan Debbarma akosongni bijaprogno twiwi taisa cherwi phunukha. Tei bo bini o bijabo Bodo Group, Naga Group, Kachin Group rognobo phunukha. Tei bo kokborokno Murung bohwnwisalangkha.

★ Puspa karapurkar:- Puspa karapurkar 1972 bisio Tripura phonetic Reader bijap kangsa swikha, bo aro kokthairogno cherwi phunukha. Tei 1976 bisio bo Kokborok Grammar mungwi kangsa swikha. Bo bini o Tripura phonetic Reader bijab tei kokborok Grammar bijabo kokborok kokni Soundno twiwi Description, Classification khaiwi phunukha.

★ Kumud kundu Chowdhury :- Kumud kundu Chowdhury 1999 bisio kokborok kokno twiwi kangsa bijap swikha abo wngkha Kokborok Bhasha u Sahitya (夺夺i匁卬西t^T 妇 ).

Bo bini o bijabo kokborok kokno rwgwi, kokborokni kokrwbaino twiwi salangkha.

★ Sudhangsu Bikash Saha :- Sudhangsu Bikash Saha 19______bisio kokborokno twiwi kangsa bijap swikha,abo wngkha ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF KAKBARAK. Bo bini o bijabo kokborokni Sound, Sentences, case akorogno cherwi sakha.

★ Binoy Debbarma :- Binoy Debbarma (1996 )bisio kangsa Kokrwbam/Dictionary bijap swikha.

Suhas Chotopadhya:- 1972/ bisio kokborokno twiwi bobo kangsa bijap swilangkha 卬令勺匁卬琢肉何运炤匁、mungwi.

Naresh Chandra Devbarma:- Kokborokni bagwi samung tangnai borom gwnang Naresh Chandra Debbarmabo kokborokno twiwi kangsa bijap swikha 2013 bisio kokborok kokni sinimung hwnwi .

Dasarath Debbarma :- 19_______ bisio Dasarath Debbarmabo kaisa bijap swikha kokborok swrwng hwnwi. 

★ Rupak Debnath :- Rupak Debnath 2014 bisio kokborok kokno twiwi kaisa bijap swikha KOKBOROK ORIGIN AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT mungwi. Bo aro kokborokni kokthai, Affiliation, Dialect, Sources, Vowel, Consonant akorogno classifier khaiwi bagwi phunukha.

Conclusion:-

Swimungni paithango sana thangkhe sana kwlaio Kokborokni laibumano chwng nainaikhe bagwi nai mano. Kaisa hinkhe phatar hani Swadin Tripurao Britishni political Agent wngwi phainairog Kokborokno twiwi salangmani tei swilangmani. Tai kaisa hinkhe chini Tripura hasteni borokrog samani tei swimani. Kok hinkhe hai o kok soi silam kwrwngrog chini mani kokno borog kokborok hinyawi keboba Tripura,Tipura, Tipra, Tipperah, Tippera, Murung,Mrung hwnwi salanglaikha, aborogno sakaobo cherwi swiwi phunukjakha. Jesaphano wngthun tabuk chini Tipra hasteni kwbangma songduk dophani mani kok eba Tiprasarogni mani kok wngkha Kokborok. Tei chwng obobo saimano kokborok kok belaino kwchamkuk kok.

Kaham hamya cherwi naidi chayarog tonggwi mano